The Principles Of Project Management - 3083 Words

Task 1: Project Management Principles The principles of project management has served a purpose to ensure that projects can be completed by helping to strategically plan and predict risk to ensure project success. Projects have been ran from pre historian times and until 1900, projects were â€Å"generally managed by the creative architects and engineers themselves† as there was no recognized profession of project management (Lock, 2007, p.2). The Dixon Company would require the use of project management principles such as the success principle, the tetrad trade – off principle and the strategy principle, to ensure that the business’s re-structuring project becomes a success in completion. The use of the following project management principles will help Dixon PLC to thoroughly evaluate the re-structuring project by identifying key success and failure criteria as well as assess possible risks both financially and non financially to the company. It is important at the beginning of the project to â€Å"issue a formal document of authority to open a project and allow expenditure to begin† (Lock, 2007, p.492). This document acts as an official announcement that the project will now proceed and The success principle states that the measure of the Dixon re-structuring project’s success â€Å"must be defined at the beginning of the project as a basis for project management decision† (Wideman, 2000). It is relevant to identify at what accomplishments the project must have for it to be reviewed asShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Project Management3038 Words   |  13 PagesThe principles of project management2 Viability of Projects Success/Failure Criteria4 Additional standard for the projects success/failure6 Calvert Social Index success/failure criteria7 Principles behind project management systems and procedures7 Human and material resources to achieve successful projects8 Information Security Audit System and Procedures 9 Key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-project appraisals 9 key elements involved in terminating projects 10Read MoreThe Principles Of Project Management1748 Words   |  7 Pagesclosely related to PMBOK principles of project management, it incorporates the basic belief and put forward a framework for addressing risk and uncertainties within project management domain. This model has been formulated by undertaking serious research involving multiple dimensions. Henceforth, the model presents a solid framework to understand basic project elements and map them accordingly to understand what type of methodologies and skill set will be required by the project manager to effectivelyRead MorePrinciples of Project Management3022 Words   |  13 PagesTable of Contents The principles of project management2 Viability of Projects Success/Failure Criteria4 Additional standard for the projects success/failure6 Calvert Social Index success/failure criteria7 Principles behind project management systems and procedures7 Human and material resources to achieve successful projects8 Information Security Audit System and Procedures 9 Key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-project appraisals 9 key elements involvedRead MoreThe Principles Of Project Management2753 Words   |  12 PagesPrinciples of Project Management Assignment Two CSI 5113 Dental Hospital Project Prepared by Crackers IT services Student name Student number Nitin Sharma 10333653 Submitted to David Cook Date of submission: 29//2014 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. EXECTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. INITIATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.1 BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.2 CURRENT STATE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.3 OBJECTVES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.4 ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5 OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.6 PROJECTRead MoreProject Management Principles Of A Project Manager Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Construction projects have always been a very important part of human civilisation. For handling a construction project there need men, money, machinery, material and management. The project would be successful when the project manager has these five variables under control. The key to project success is to pick the right project manager. A right project manager is the person who manages the triple constraints (cost, quality and time), scope and safety for the project to be planned in a correctRead MoreProject Management Principles For Assesing Management1195 Words   |  5 PagesStandards 6.1 Project Management We manage our projects in accordance to PRINCE2 project management principles. KAAN takes the role of assisting a client very seriuously, therefore, we persue every task with utmost precision and expect nothing but the best for our client. In case of errors proven to be commited by us, we tend to raise them as soon as they are identified and would suggest the most accurate solution to rectify it. We tend to be adaptive and flexible with every project we do and tryRead MorePrinciples Of Management Final Project2090 Words   |  9 PagesPrinciples of Management Final Project – A Closer Look at Express-Scripts Express-Scripts is a widely renowned company who grew from a small-town pharmacy into the billion dollar company it is today. Many factors attribute to the growth and success of Express-Scripts and any who take a closer look into how this company came to be soon realize that it has only been through the process of hard-work, dedication, strategic planning and finding just the right niche in the marketplace. Express-ScriptsRead MoreLesson 9-Project Management Principles6103 Words   |  25 PagesProject Management Principals Chapter 6: Executing Projects Note: See the text itself for full citations. An Introduction to Project Management, Third Edition Copyright 2010 2 Learning Objectives ââ€" ¸ ââ€" ¸ List several tasks and outputs of project execution Discuss what is involved in directing and managing project execution as part of project integration management, including the importance of producing promised deliverables, implementing solutions to problems, evaluating work performanceRead MoreMba Project Management, Strategic Planning, Principles Of Marketing And The Real Business World1042 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness phenomenon better and solve the problem’s effectively, I must explore MBA in depth and so I did my Bachelorette in commerce which includes the courses related to MBA like Project Management, Strategic Planning, Principles of Marketing and so on. I also took the electives like Advertising, Human Resources Management by myself. Case studies in these courses enabled me to link theory with practice and it was through them that I found myself very much interested in market information. MBA withRead MoreEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Wor ds   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research

The Origins, History, Value, and Future of Cartography

THE ORIGINS, HISTORY, VALUE AND FUTURE OF CARTOGRAPHY Introduction Cartography has existed for thousands of years. From the early days of tribes marking off where their best hunting grounds are, to the modern day of mapping flight paths, cartography has evolved and developed in various ways to what it is today. There are now technologies that allow for people to design maps in ways never imagined before. Computer programmes exist that allow for different types of data to be stored so that accurate representations can be formed. It has been said that,†Maps are pictures of the world’s land surface, showing its features, resources and the way it has been developed.† (Bondi, et al., 1977) Origins and History The beginnings of Cartography It has been said that Cartography originated thousands of years ago. Wall paintings believed to represent a maps of the heavens exist all around the world. The oldest maps that have been preserved on Babylonian clay tablets are from around 2300 B.C. Cartography as a whole was dominant in Greece as the subject was more advanced than other locations and so the spherical Earth was well known amongst Greek philosophers. (Aber, 2008). The reference-line principle was created by one of Aristotle’s disciples. Dichaearchus was this disciple’s name and he obtained this theory by placing an orientation line that ran from east to west. (Fuechsel, 2013) The Roman Era is the next part of history where Cartography was involved in. Maps in this timeShow MoreRelatedIdentity And The Search For The Self Among The Sub Continental Diaspora10173 Words   |  41 Pagesfixed, contrastive and all inclusive leading to labelling of an individual and the group and their traits with a mark. According to Roy Baumeister (Identity, cultural change and the struggle for self, 1986), the changes in the social structure across history- be it social, economical, political and cultural- has resulted in the changes in the approaches to the identity theory. Prior to the Middle Ages, Identity of an individual was based on the geographical location of home, the institution of marriageRead More The Life and Contribution to the Development of the British Empire of James Cook5135 Words   |  21 Pagesoriginally a poor farm boy, explored and mapped vast uncharted areas of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. However, James Cook was not ‘only’ an expl orer. He can also be called a scientist – he managed to introduce new principles into seafaring and cartography. For better understanding, the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which throws light on the purpose and structure of the paper. The second chapter is a brief introduction to the situation in Great BritainRead MoreJames Cooks Contribution to the Development of the British Empire5375 Words   |  22 Pagesoriginally a poor farm boy, explored and mapped vast uncharted areas of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. However, James Cook was not ‘only an explorer. He can also be called a scientist Ââ€" he managed to introduce new principles into seafaring and cartography. For better understanding, the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which throws light on the purpose and structure of the paper. The second chapter is a brief introductionRead MoreGeographic Information Systems2343 Words   |  9 Pagesworking GIS is composed of hardware, software, data, people, and a set of methods. Using these components a GIS is capable of storing, manipulating, and managing data, then subsequently analyzing, visualizing, and modeling the data. GIS origins lie in thematic cartography which was used 100 years earlier than the earliest computer based GIS systems. GIS store and link non-spatial information with the data’s geographic location. Currently estimated as a $2 billion per year industry, GIS serves as an invaluableRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesbodies. We retain the emotional makeup and motor reflexes of prehistoric men and women while living highly organized and often sedentary lives. We might best view the early civilizations by asking how they fit into the sweep of history. One notable feature of human history is the acceleration in the pace of change. From the time that modern humans first appeared 100,000 years ago until 7000 B.C.E., few changes occurred. Humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world and adapted to newRead MoreAn Article On Earth Essay10094 Words   |  41 Pagesgeomagnetic field blocked the most life-threatening parts of the Sun s radiation, so life was able to flourish on land as well as in water.[43] Since then, the combination of Earth s distance from the Sun, its physical properties and its geological history have allowed life to thrive and evolve. Earth s lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. Seventy-one percent of Earth s surface is covered with water,[44]Read MoreMixed Methods8561 Words   |  35 Pagesmore methods within the same paradigm) is used to address research questions. Mixed methods research designs are gaining in usage and influence and this has accelerated over the last 10 years. Creswell and Plano Clark (2007) have mapped a brief history of mixed methods research and its evolution to date and have posited four, often overlapping, time periods in the evolution of mixed methods. These four time periods are the; Formative period (1950s - 1980s); Paradigm debate period (1970s - late 1990s);Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesthe absolute, very convincing. They speak to us with the accents of true evidence, using the argument that It is so. With ease they make the kind of statements a linguist would call fully assertive and which, moreover, are usually taken at face value. There is a filmic mode, which is the mode of presence, and to a great extent it is believable. More than the latest play or novel, a film, with its impression of reality, its very direct hold on perception, has the power to draw crowds. We know

Why the Us Does Not Have an Official Language Free Essays

Kelly Setters September 12, 2012 ENG 122 Teresa Plummer English Composition 2 Why the United States doesn’t have a Designated Language ? Why the United States doesn’t have a Designated Language Why the United States does not have an official language has been an ongoing debate for a long time. A lot of people are for it and a lot of people are against it. While conducting my research I learned that if the United States made English the official language of the country it would be going against the first amendment, Freedom of speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Why the Us Does Not Have an Official Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regardless of going against the constitution 27 states have made English their official language. Why is it so important to so many people that the United States have an official language? Would it aid immigrants in the assimilation process and make it more likely for them to succeed? Can other languages be used in the country for certain official purposes, if English is the sole official language? Does official English offend the idea of American diversity? Does it discriminate against non-native speakers? Does an adequate incentive exist to learn English without it being official? Is there anything wrong with the status quo? Do most countries in the world have an official language? Is it important for any tangible and practical reasons? Do English only laws threaten or enhance public safety? Is official English good public policy? (Debate 2010) These are questions that rise in everyone’s mind when the topic of designating an official language in the US comes up. The 27 states of the United States of America that have an official langiage are, â€Å"Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming. (Us constitution net 1995-2010) Many people think it’s unconstitutional for the United States to have an official language because it’s America. America is where freedom rings. References No Author Cited Does the United States need an official language Retrieved from: http://maxweber. hunter. cuny. edu/pub/eres/GSR716A_KUECHLER/monique. htm No Author cited (2010) Deb ate: English as US official language Retrieved from: http://debatepedia. idebate. org/en/index. php/Debate:_English_as_US_official_language Walenta, C. (1995-2010) Constitutional Topic: Official Language Retrieved from: http://www. usconstitution. net/consttop_lang. html How to cite Why the Us Does Not Have an Official Language, Essay examples

Visiting Hour by Norman MacCaig Essay Example For Students

Visiting Hour by Norman MacCaig Essay The poem also contained many metaphors that were very effective. These metaphors were in verse five, when he is in the hospital by his wifes beside. Firstly he says, a white cave of forgetfulness, by this he means that the sheets on her bed are white and contrasting to the black all around her. She was on medicine and maybe that is the reason she was full of forgetfulness. The second describes the frailty of her hands, a withered hand trembles on its stalk, and this describes the frail hand shaking, with a drip attached. I think that this is effective because of the way it says that the hand is withering away comparing it to the stalk of a flower. Next, he writes, into an arm a glass fang is fixed, which is saying the drip is sucking all of her blood out like a vampire. The poet finishes off the verse with a meaningful sentence, the distance of pain that neither she nor I can cross, by this the writer is saying that in no way can he even try and think what his Wife is feeling and there is also no way that his Wife can sense what he is going through. In the last paragraph, MacCaig tries to cross this barrier of pain. He does this by writing the last verse in his wifes perspective. He uses sounds that his wife hears like, in the round swimming waves of a bell, and he also writes about what she is seeing through her eyes, and dizzily goes off, growing fainter, and this shows him trying to break this barrier that he said he couldnt break. As the poems finishes there are two symbolic sentences said. The first one which is, books that will never be read, means that if you are in hospital for a long time then you would expect books. However, if you have been telling someone that they are going to get better and will be out of hospital soon, then books shouldnt be an option as they might get the impression they are here to stay. Also, if the book is not going to be read then that also indicates that they are going to die. The second area of symbolism is,fruitless fruits, and this symbolises that fruit that may be given to someone in hospital, and if it is fruitless it is also lifeless, as fruits are good for you. I conclude that the poet uses good techniques throughout by use of metaphors and symbolism. Throughout the poem he makes me feel empathetic towards him. Although the poem proved confusing at times with his unusual ideas, I still really enjoyed it and I really felt the power of the last two words, which were, Fruitless fruits.

Should reality shows have regulations free essay sample

I feel that anything that can be watched by our children during Prime Time Hours should be regulated. I watched a show â€Å"Housewives of Atlanta† and I was outdone with the antics, of course I know that sometimes things get out of hand. It was chaotic, and it causes our young people to think that these actions are valid because they get mega bucks to do this. When these shows are developed, it’s with the hope that they will be successful, and the show will soar through the roof in ratings. What about our children? As parents, guardians, and grandparents give them enough upbringing socially, and morally to know that not everyone lives this way. This is not how we would like for them to lead their lives. So yes; there should be regulations in place. Who is in control of making sure that reality shows don’t go too far? The FCC regulates what we see on TV, but I think it needs to be looked into, or some of the rules in place need to be broader and have more moral ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Should reality shows have regulations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The FCC says â€Å"The shows are prohibited from rigging of any kind, exploiting children and other things such as nudity and language that are not censored† (Amy Nutt) â€Å"When participants sign on to be a part of a reality show they sign contracts and are then bounded by the terms of the contract, and if they violate the contract they risk being kicked off the show. (Amy Nutt) â€Å"There are laws and regulations which govern reality TV shows. † (Amy Nutt) I hear what is being said about the laws of governing reality shows. Does that mean the checks and balances are not holding up, or is it that no one really cares? We have a moral and social right to protect our children and their immature minds. â€Å"This may be hard to believe since many reality TV shows seem cutthroat, but actors are aware of the type of TV show they are taking part in and agree to such treatment in their contracts. This is what makes the show interesting† (Amy Nutt). I know that we have laws that govern, is this all we need to regulate the quality of our viewing? I was reading a blog by dstokes, posted on August 24, 2012 and this is the general thought of what he felt. â€Å"Reality television plays a major role in the society. †(dstokes) â€Å"As many know, reality TV can range from shows that are more realistic then others. †(dstokes) â€Å"Even though that may be true, all reality shows are entertaining and have a reason to be broadcast on worldwide television sets. † Because something is entertaining, doesn’t mean there is nothing wrong with it! â€Å"Reality television shouldn’t be banned from television channels due to its lack of censorship and unrealistic life issues. †(dstokes) â€Å"Banning shows from networks that are categorized as a reality show because of its lack of censorship should not be allowed because it will ultimately result in the loss of viewers of the channel. † The reality show should be aware of the fact that there are younger viewers and audiences that have morals. â€Å"Certain words that are not censored on television deserve to be broadcasted because we are exposed to such words in our everyday lives. † (dstokes) It seems that some people are lax about the language used inappropriately it is an issue. â€Å"Also, the lack of censorship of certain body parts on reality television should continue to be permitted because it is the viewer’s decision to remain watching what he/she is viewing†(dstokes) I have a big problem about nudity we have enough porn being shown in a nice way. â€Å"Having a certain perspective towards viewing the lack of censorship on reality television also plays a major role in society! †(dstokes) â€Å"It is better for the viewer to view the lack of censorship on reality TV shows as the TV star having enough confidence to expose certain body parts and express their freedom of speech opposed to viewing reality TV as if the reality TV star is morally corrupt by degrading their body and using profane language. †(dstokes) Now I do believe that a person should be able to make their own choices, but this is beyond liberal, and dstokes finishes his blog with this closing statement. â€Å"Reality television should remain broadcasted regardless of its lack of censorship and unrealistic life issues because it is entertaining and it indeed displays real life issues depending on the show. †(dstokes) â€Å"Banning reality television from TV networks is not a well-thought out or educated decision† (dstokes) â€Å"Our lives off camera aren’t censored, so what we watch on TV shouldn’t have to be either† (dstokes) â€Å"Instead of banning reality television, viewers who oppose it should disregard reality TV as a whole and watch a show of a different category or set-up parental block on reality shows† (dstokes) Considering that we cannot always be with our children where ever they are, I can still say that there should always be a controlling factor in regulating Reality TV shows, regardless of what happens in our everyday lives. Just because I can be exposed to immorality, lewd, and depraved actions doesn’t mean I want to live like that, or have my children exposed. With all the gadgets they have to watch Internet, I pads, etc. , it becomes more of a moral issue and duty to make sure it is regulated in our everyday life.

Merchant of Venice Critical Essay

Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Merchant of Venice is of the most popular plays written by Shakespeare. Undoubtedly, every literature teacher includes this play into the syllabus. Below is a short sample Merchant of Venice critical essay written by our writer. This sample essay is a good example of professional writing. Our essay blog has numerous free sample essays on plays by Shakespeare. One of the main disadvantages of the free samples is lack of originality and unrestricted access. If you want to get an original critical essay on Merchant of Venice written from scratch specially for you, you have found the right site to get help - writers will not let you down! We can handle all types of assignments and we are never late with paper delivery. Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Sample One of the most persistent and pernicious factors in confusing the interpretation of The Merchant of Venice is the common assumption that the play is built around a race theme. This assumption has thrust the racial problem into the foreground of the play. It has implied that the very introduction of Shylock inevitably necessitated a choice of sides in a lively and pressing social controversy. And from it has sprung the interminable discussion of Shakespeare's alleged sympathy or antipathy for the Jew. That Shakespeare intended, or could have intended, a deliberate defense of the Jew has been effectively controverted in E. E. Stoll's exhaustive study of Shylock. Therein he has established beyond reasonable doubt the existence in England of a common tradition of antisemitic prejudice, and has adduced abundant evidence-of its persistence throughout the Renaissance. This prejudice clearly conceived of the Jew as an object of distrust, dislike, and contempt. To assume that Shakespeare departed radically from the common convictions of his time is to deny the known facts about the man. To assume that he ignored the sentiments of his audience to champion a disreputable cause is to impugn his intelligence as a practical playwright, to set at defiance all probability, to commit a critical anachronism, and, finally, to contradict the patent evidence of the play itself. Unfortunately, in his laudable work of demolition Professor Stoll has gone to the opposite extreme of assuming the prevalence in Shakespeare's time of a rampant and energetic antisemitism. Unless I misinterpret him, he would have one believe that the average Elizabethan nursed an active grudge against the Jew which found congenial expression in the popular sport of Jew-baiting. Accordingly the contemporary dramatist could count upon the insulting of a Jew to prompt a round of spontaneous applause, and the protracted humiliation of a Jew to provide the Elizabethan equivalent of a Roman holiday. In consequence of this assumption Professor Stoll interprets Shylock as a comic figure and finds much of his conduct somewhat amazingly ludicrous. The hypothesis of the persecuted Jew has found favor with most of the Jewish writers upon Shakespeare. It has served as a text for miscellaneous lamentation over Elizabethan injustice and the particular damage to the race wrought by Shakespeare's play. Unfortunately no very conclusive evidence has come forth to support the hypothesis. Evidence there is that Jews were persecuted in England prior to their banishment in 1290; that the Middle Ages were hostile to Jews; that enmity toward the Jew persisted in European countries throughout the Renaissance; and that agitation arose in England during the decade preceding the readmission of the Jews in 1653. Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Custom Writing Looking for custom written essay? Want to get truly professional essay help? Get it here! Our writers are working hard writing a critical essay! We offer essay writing from scratch as well as editing services. Our writing services are affordable.

Sexual Abuse as a Deviant Behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexual Abuse as a Deviant Behavior - Term Paper Example Stronger laws should be in place for Sex Offenders because many women do not report sexual abuse afraid of revenge and further cruelty. Punishment as deterrence also raises sets of important questions to consider in arguing for punishment as restitution. It means that the state should be a positive factor in the area of criminal law. The state should not passively await criminal activity before it deals with those involved and its consequences (Groth 29).   It should take some action to anticipate and preclude criminal activity before it manifests itself clearly (Serran et al 87). Those of critics who support restitution believe very strongly and will argue that the proper foci of the criminal law are the victims and others directly affected by the criminal act as well as the good of society in a practical (i.e., economic or institutional sense), rather than a moral sense. Consequently, critics are convinced that punishment should become operative as an award of damages to victims, other injured parties, and society in the person of its political institutions (Serran et al 51). To convince most people that deterrence is a way of increasing the total social good through punishment (rather than merely reducing the total social evil) since it benefits victims, injured parties, and political institutions, as well as the criminal, the penal system, and the courts. Consequently, restitution is the most economical and ethical way in which the state can take positive action to secure human welfare (i.e., the benefits of social living) and avoid its opposite (Groth 65; Ward 41).             Stricter laws should be imposed on sex offenders because the authorities cannot control their lives and actions after the release. Oklahoma state Rep. Lucky Lamons â€Å"says it forces many offenders to live in rural areas where they are difficult for authorities to monitor... Also, he says, it does not differentiate between real predators and the type of men he recalls arresting for urinating in public, a sex offense in Oklahoma† (Koch 2007).

Dubai International Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dubai International Airport - Case Study Example Concourse 3 will be affiliated to the two above accessible levels of Terminal 3 via an automatic Power mover (APM) in accession to the vehicular and accoutrements administration arrangement account tunnels. The building, which follows the appropriate appearance of Concourse 2, will be 645 meters long, 90 meters advanced and 42 meters top in the centre from the accessory level, and will board 20 aircraft stands, 18 of which will board Airbus The growth rate of the Dubai International Airport is high compared to other Airports in the Middle East. The Dubai International Airport holds highest position in the ratings by authorities like International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Airport Facilities, n. d.). The Transportation facility kind of the infrastructure of a country has to be developed continuously. The development of Dubai International Airport is essential for the development of the country and for making one among the top countries of the world. If the International Airport at Dubai is developed at a higher phase it can attract many foreigners including tourists and investors. The investors would be investing in country only after a detailed study of the infrastructure of that particular country including the international transportation. This fact forced the government of the United Arab Emirates, to think about the development of existing international airport by way of expansion programs. Dubai International Airport, in a actual abbreviate time, has developed from an aerodrome into an aerodynamics hub. Today, not alone is Dubai International Airport one of the fastest growing airports in the world, it is as well recognized as the arch and busiest airport of the Middle Eas t region. In 2008, the airport handled an almanac 37,441,440 cartage and over 34% of all flights entering and abrogation the Middle East and Africa. Aegis at the airport bare to be actively upgraded as an aftereffect of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) acme affair to be captivated in Dubai (Time Management, n. d.). Given the accent of surveillance to the aegis of the airport the arrangement had to be designed, installed, configured and handed over to airport aegis in beneath than a month. An abstruse band-aid advised by control-ware was called to accommodate top superior video transmission, avant-garde administration and reliable recording for the airport. Cost Management It is clear that without the support of the government, it is not possible to implement a major development in a country. Whichever is the country and whatever be the project, the government support is essential for making the project a grand success. In case of the Dubai International Airport development the government is providing the full support under the supervision and control of ministry of aviation. The government supports the development of the Dubai airport free zone. "Representative offices of the immigration and customs department are located within DAFZA. The customs office is open 24hrs to facilitate round-the-clock cargo clearance" (Where mission vision, n. d.). An estimated AED 120 billion will be invested in Dubai World Central, Sheikh Ahmed said. "The aboriginal appearance of this mega-project, which primarily involves the development

Hormone Replacement Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hormone Replacement Therapy - Essay Example This is usually referred to trans-women or trans-men (Manson, 2010). Cancer in recent years have been a worldwide problem, initially people believed that this life style disease was majorly for the wealthy and the able people, but recent researchers find that the disease affects anybody irrespective of a race one belongs to. Most treatments of cancers for instance the prostate cancer in men and menopause conditions in women as well as uterine cancer are based on hormone replacement therapy ( Chlebowski, Anderson & Manson, 2010). Resent researchers claim that replacement therapy in early menopause had a significant reduction of mortality, heart attacks without risks of cancer and stroke. As situation where estrogen stimulates the growth of lining of the uterine walls which increase the risk of uterine cancer; a prescription of estrogen in combination with progesterone is given to reduce the problem. Reduction of risk of endometrial cancer: Studies indicate that women who receive progesterone as well as estrogen treatment to decrease menopause symptoms reduced risks of endometrial cancer as compared to those who were under only estrogen (Manson, 2010). Evidence based research requires demonstration of a new practice which emphasizes on quality and safety of patients for instance; a use of empirical evidence from randomized controlled specimen, qualitative scientific research methods, information reports combined, results to a more relevant and concrete solution or step in controlling problem associated with hormone replacement therapy (Hjorland, Birger, 2011). The use of evidence increase patients’ outcome since it includes healthcare recommendations that help doctors and nurses address questions related to cancer and hormone issues (Hjorland, Birger, 2011). Though there have been successes in the effective administration of drugs or Hormone Replacement therapy especially to women, various side

The Impact Of Budgetary Control On Job Performance In An Organisation Accounting Essay

The Impact Of Budgetary Control On Job Performance In An Organisation Accounting Essay The effectiveness of any budgetary system depends not only on the appropriateness of its technical characteristics to the particular organisation and environmental circumstances to which it is applied, but also on the way in which organisational participants make use of information that it promotes. It is a common place that budgetary system is often ignored, sometimes manipulated and even falsified by those whom it is provided to. Rosen and Sneck (1997) Lowe and Shaw (1968), Mintzerg (1995), and Yetton (1967) indicate that dysfunctional behaviour frequently stems from the fact that the budget information provided by the accounting system does not adequately match the complexity of the underlying organisation and economic events, but it is also evident that distortion of information can occur even when the budgetary system itself is technically adequate. Such distortion is a consequence of the divergence of individual goals from those of the organisation and most commonly manifests i tself in attempts to make budgetary reports reflect more favourably on an individuals contribution to the overall organisational performance. Budgetary control is very important in the management of an organisation because it helps in achieving organisational goals. Once the final budget is agreed to, it becomes a plan against which the actual cost, revenue and performance are periodically reviewed and compared with. Budgetary control is exercised by line management for control over cost through continuous appraisal of actual expenditures, using as a guide the planned costs as expressed in the budget. The principle is also applied to the various types of income and to items that affect the balance sheet, such as receivables inventories, cash, fixed assets, etc. Budgetary control is the preparation of targets or budgets for agreed areas of business. An area may be a functional management area e.g. sales, purchases or production it may be an agreed cost centre area, e.g. machinery assembly, planning which may consist of a machine, group of machines or a group of employees. Budgetary control, as such, controls nothing. Management has a control yardstick and when the actual results are compared with the budget figure management should be prompted into action. The information can assist in controlling operations and improving decision making budgetary control of it will control nothing. Budgetary control systems based upon financial measures are widely used in economic organisations. The principal designs for assigning financial responsibility in an organisation can be classified as follows: standard cost centre, revenue centre, discretionary expenses centre, profits centre and investment centre (Vanal, 1973). The order of this classification is from narrowest to broadest in terms of the decision making discretion permitted or required of the manager. Budgets are financial plans and provide a basis for directing and evaluating the performance of individuals or segments of organisations. Through a budget, activities of different parts of an organisation can be coordinated and controlled. A control system typically incorporates measures and techniques which conform to the responsibilities delegated to managers under the organisations structure. As the decision making authority is decentralised and parts of an organisation become more autonomous, managers will be responsible for more financial variables and financial control systems will be more complex in the sense that they will incorporate more variables. Budgets are potential means of influencing behaviour control is the successful exercise of power to influence behaviour available to an organisation. Two other primary means to influence behaviour are interpersonal contact i.e. leadership, and organisational structure i.e. the distribution of authority and work roles. This study focuses specifically on the relationship between formal properties of organisational structures and budgetary control. This is in contrast to other studies of budgeting which examined the relationship between interpersonal variables and budgetary control (Decoster and Fertakis, 1968, Foran and Decoster, 1974, Hopwood, 1974, Swieringa and Moncur, 1972 and 1975). Budgets in the organisation serve multiple roles of planning, evaluation, coordination, communication, and decision making. Participants in budgeting are another important issue because it reflects the degree of consensus, an important aspect of management style. Budgets require management to specify expected sales, cash inflows and outflows, and costs, and they provide a mechanism for effective planning and control in organisation (Flamholtz, 1983). The budget is a standard against which the actual performance can be compared and measured. Budgets are financial blueprints that qualify an organisations plan for a future period. Therefore, for the resources of the organisation to be effectively utilised, and for the objectives of such organisation to be achieved, the executive need to fully understand the importance of budgetary control. Research Questions What impact has budgetary control on job performance? Do budgetary decisions determine the future destiny of the organisation? In which specific ways does planning and control affect the organisation? What is the type of budgetary control used on the application? Do budgets represent an important part of the organisational motivation system? Rational To identify the planning and control system of the organisation. To examine the existing budgetary control system that affects organisation job performance. To outline the areas of budgetary control that requires further studies and problems encountered in carrying out such controls. To find out causes of workers per attitudes and how moral the budgetary system. To offer relevant recommendation that can help gear job performance in an organisation. Methodology The research design to be used in the collection of data would be primary and secondary source. The primary source would include personal experience, observation while the secondary source is the literature survey through the use of scholarly journals and relevant texts. The methods of data collection would be a self administered questionnaire. Limitations The study would be impeded by some inevitable circumstances like labour, transportation, as well as logistical problems in the process of data collection. Another limitation would be that the sample was therefore not strictly random or to convince the respondents to fill the questionnaire without delay. Definition of terms Budgetary control: it emphasizes the control of plans by comparing actual results to identify variances upon which corrective actions can take place. Budget: is a financial qualitative statement prepared and approved before a defined period of time for the purpose of attaining given objectives. Budget: the budget is a plan or target in qualities and/or money value prepared for a future period of time. Performance: is the assessment of individuals potential for future promotion. Organisation: Schein (1983) defines an organisation as the planned coordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement of some common, explicit purpose or goal, through division of labour and function and through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility. Organisation: Robbins (1990) defines an organisation as a consciously coordinated social entity with a relatively identifiable boundary that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Significance of study It is the aim of the study to have considerable significance in: exposing the real impact of budgetary control on job performance making significant recommendations to improve the budgetary system of the organisation inducing the leadership of the organisation to set up constructive budgetary programme to alleviate redundancy organisation cannot survive in isolation without individual supporting the effectiveness of the budget. Statement of Hypothesis The researcher formulated three hypotheses for this study. This is to determine whether the result of the research would accept or reject the hypothesis in question. Hypothesis one H0: Budgetary control is not significantly related to total organisational performance H1: Budgetary control is significantly related to total organisational performance. Variables involved are: Budgetary control Total organisational performance Hypothesis two H0: Budgetary control does not significantly and communication among top and lower management. H1: Budgetary control significantly and communication among top and lower management. Variables involved are: Budgetary control Avenue for communication Hypothesis three H0: Budgetary control does not significantly improve proper planning and control of operations in organisations. H1: Budgetary control has significantly improved proper planning and control of operations in organisations. Variables involved are: Budgetary control Improved proper planning and control Scope of study This study pays particular attention to the human aspect of budgeting which is the most complex, dynamic and unpredictable factors in the organisation This study will also learn stakeholders about the use of budgetary control as a means of effective organisational control and to make decisions that will improve the overall job performance of the company. Definition of the problem The coordination of efforts and activities of individuals in an organisation is to achieve the desired aims and objectives of that organisation has long been one of management most important, difficult and controversial problem. Organisations are established to achieve a set of defined goals, when an organisation is set up, the authority which established it also assigned certain budgetary functions. For those functions and objectives to be carried out the organisation has to carry its employees along. The following may pose problems: Which budgetary control system is in place and how effective has this helped the management in making decision? How has budgetary control helped in the application principles of: Planning and control Job performance Will budgetary control furnish a standard to management? for ascertaining the performance of different parts of the organisation? Historical Background of Budgetary Control? and Motivation. Budgetary participants relates to the involvement of managers in the budgetary process and their influence over setting of budgetary targets (Shields and Young 1993) the argument that managers participation in budget setting affects job related outcomes such as performance is premised on two explanations. First, models based on psychological theories suggest that participation is related to performance through identification and ego involvement with the budget goals (Murray 1990). This in turn leads to enhanced motivation and commitment to budget (Vroom, 1964, Brownell and Mclnnes, 1986). Second, from a cognitive perspective, participation is seen to improve the flow of information between superior and subordinates, leading to higher quality decisions (Lock and Schweiger, 1979, Shields and Young, 1993). Similarly, participation may promote better performance through facilitation of learning and knowledge acquisition (Parker and Wall 1998). There is evidence, however, that BP is not a lways beneficial. Previous studies have found that a variety of factors including perceived environment uncertainty (Gul 1991), job difficulty (Mia 1989), organisational structure (Gul, Tsui, Fong and kwok 1995) and budget emphasis in performance evaluation (Brownell 1982) may motivate the relationship between Budget Participation and managerial job related outcomes. For instance, Gul et al. (1995) found budgetary participation to be negatively related to managerial performance in less decentralised, (i.e. more hierarchical) situations. The role organisational culture perceptions, however has attracted only limited research attention. The importance of these perceptions was underlined in a three case analysis undertaken by Flamholtz (1983). Flamholtz (1983:168) concluded that if a firms culture and its core control system are not synchronized, it is not likely that even a well integrated core control system will actually influence behaviour in its intended ways. More specifically, managers in one of Flamholtzs (1983) cases described their organisational culture as being highly rules oriented and tradition bound and therefore felt that budgetary participation was only Pseudo. Therefore, when a zero budget cuts.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The first day of kindergarten, we clung to our parents afraid of the new experiences that awaited us. We looked around at all of the other faces not sure what to think. Fear and doubt crippled us. Little did we know that this day was the beginning of a journey stock full of obstacles and rewards. Kindergarten was a breeze. We learned the ABCs, made friends, and finally counted to one hundred. Then we went into elementary. We saw new students join our classes throughout these long but short elementary years. Teachers could see boys and girls running away from each other screaming, "Ew, you got cooties!" Life was a breeze all the way through to middle school. We came into middle school with no idea what to be prepared for. None the less, we made it. We were the youngest. Fifth grade ...